Fluid-viscosity motor or turbine.



APPLIOATION FILED SEPT. 9, 1903.

H0 MODEL.

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4 gWkiNbSSis; INVENTOR. I I I UNITED STATES Patented May 24, 19C4.

PATENT OFFICE.

EN J. CAMPBELL, or DANVILLIE, VIRGINIA.

mFLUlD-VISCOSITY MOTOR OR TURBINE.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Batent'No. 760,776, dated Ma 24, 19o4. Application filed September 9,1903. Serial No. 172,501. (No model.)

To all who/'12 it may concern: I

Be it known that I, BEN J. CAMPBELL, acitizen of the United States,-residing at Danville, Pittsylvania county, Virginia, have invented new and useful Improvements in Fluid-Via cosity Motors or Turbines, of which the following is a specification.

My invention. relates to a reversible fluid on rotating cylinder and left-hand spirals on inner surface of outer or fixed cylinder, or vice versa, by frusta of cones with spirals cut as above, or bydisks with plane surfaces perpendicular to axis of rotation in close working fit,

, on which suitable grooves are cut-eccentrically outward in nearly opposite directions,crossing the radius at anacute angle, preferably about slxty-five degrees, right-hand grooves'cuttmg the radius at any point at about an angle of sixty-five degrees on rotating member and similar left-hand grooves on fixed member, or vice versa. It may now be seen thatfluid under pressure admittedfat any point, as one end of cylinder, cone, or near axis of revolving disks, will tend to flow'through the spirals of grooves to points of lower pressure, making practically two' sheets of fluid flowing in contact in nearly'opposite directions at very great speed relative to each other, inducing between the surfaces a stress which tends to produce relative motion of the parts. To reverse the rotation, it is but necessary to reverse the points of admission and exhaust. Anotheraction ofthe-flow of fluid along the grooves which'augments the viscosity stress between the parts resembles somewhat the impact and reaction of the compound turbine. It is caused bythe fluid tending to flow through the shortest path to pointsof lower pressure,

' of the motor. cut in opposite directions,as right-hand spirals leaving one set of grooves at points where hollows of other grooves cross, impinging at nearly a right angle on grooves on opposite member. Thus an action and reaction is set up, thereby adding materially to thedevelopment of power.

As shown by the accompanying drawings, the preferable form of my invention is the 'slightly-cone-shaped disk revolving between mission and exhaust for each of the elements Referring to the drawings, Figure 1 represents a longitudinal section ofan engine of the reversible compound type, showing the reversing-valve and exhaust-port. Fig. 2 is an end view of the engine, showing a halfsection along the line 0 0 and representation of the grooves on the rotatable and fixed members.

sign.

Let 1 1 indicate the rotatable members,

' slightly-conical disks suitably fixed rigidly to shaftQ, as by key 41, with means for longitudinal adjustment, as by annular piece 42,

carrying stud 43, said shaft 2 running in suitable bearings, an'd stuffing-boxes 3 3, carried byend casings 4 5, with collars46 4:7 limiting its thrust; 7 7, the stationary members, conforming in shape to and adapted to inclose between themsaid rotatable members, all of which are inclosed within the end casings 4 5 and cylindrical casing 6; 33, the reversingvalve in position for the normal or direction of motion of greatest power, which serves its purpose as follows: Steam or the actuating fluid enters through the admission-port 27 at 14,

thence'througli the open annular chamber 35 'to central part of motor, thence along the grooves between the fixed and rotatable member into concentric chamber 34:, back to center of wheel on opposite side of rotatable Fig. 3 is a bottom view of the reversing-valve, showing in greaterdetail its demember, into annular chamber 36, then to valve at 16, thence to annular chamber 37 as shown by the arrows, thence through holes 32 and outward on both sides of rotatable member into chamber 39, into valve at 18, thence to center of wheel through holes or ports 19 to all sides of rotatable members in that set. Thus through the motor exhausting at 11 in reverse position the actuating fluid enters through admission-port 27 at 21 into chamber 36, thence through grooves of first unit or member into annular chamber 35, into valve at 22, thence through port shown by dotted lines to 23, into concentric chamber 39, thence toward center, into annular chamber 37, into valve at 24;, thence to 25, thence toward center of third system of units, into annular chamber 38, to valve at 26, thence out at exhaust-port 11. v

13 isshaft of valve in suitable stuffing-box and bearing 12, to which a lever 40 or other suitable means. is attached for turning the valve one half-revolution in reversing.

13 represents packingrings, of suitable metal or other material, which may be used to give longitudinal adjustment to the fixed members. The dotted lines 10 show the manner in which grooves cross each other. 9

shows the right-hand grooves on one sideof the fixed members; 8, the left-hand grooves on adjacent surfaces on rotatable members.

The preferable shape of the groove is semieircularor segmental, though a V-shaped groove could be used.

It is to be noted that the grooves 28 in the fixed members do not extend quite to the end of the grooves 29 of the rotating members, thus imparting to the latter itsremaining energy of motion and the reaction of the exhaust.

It is apparent that the fluid acts on the entire surfaces, there being no retarding-friction, which is so wasteful of energy at speeds of revolution common to the turbine.

In a motor or an .engine where it is not desirablethat it be reversible the'reversingvalve may be dispensed with entirely, thus somewhat simplifying. its construction. this case steam can enter at any point of casing intoannular chamber 35, fiow outwardly betweenthe plates into concentric chamber 3 1, thence'back' to center,-then to center of second wheel and out between the members into chamber 39, which could beprovided at any point or points around with holes allowing it to flow directly into next annular chamber, thus through the engine to suitable exhaust, which may be at any convenient point on casing..

The construction as here outlined shows some axial thrust, which for marine or verti cal engines would be desirable to balance the thrust of the propeller or the weight of shaft, dynamo, 620., but easily admits of construction that is balanced as to axial thrust.

A suitable governor may be attached to shaft 2, regulating the supply of fluid admitted through port 27.

It is apparent that changes from the construction herein disclosed may be made. Therefore I do not wish to be understood as limiting myself to the precise form of construction shown and described, but desire the liberty of making such changes as may fairly come within the'spirit and scope of my invention.

What I claim as new, and desire to secure by Letters Patent of the United States, is as follows:

1. In a fluid-viscosity motor of the turbine class in combination, a shaft rigidly secured thereon, rotatable members having on lateral surfaces a multiplicity of grooves, a plurality of fixed members, adapted to inclose said rotatable members having on adjacent surfaces a multiplicity of grooves oppositely disposed as to direction, suitable admission, and exhaust ports with means for conducting the actuating fluid from one set of grooves to the next set in the series, substantially as set forth. Y

2. In a fluid-viscosity motor of the turbine class in combination, a shaft, rigidly secured thereon rotatable members having on lateral surfaces a multiplicity of grooves crossing radius at an acute angle, a plurality of fixed members conforming in shape to, and adapted to inclose said rotatable members, having on adjacent surfaces a multiplicity of grooves 7 oppositely disposed as to direction, their direction being such that the actuating fluid in followingalong them to points of lower presvsure flows in direction of motion of rotating members,suitable admission and exhaust ports with means for conducting the actuating fluid to and from the grooves of one member of the series to those of the next member or natinga suitable distance from center running eccentrically outward to periphery, a

plurality-of relatively fixed or stationary members, conforming in shape to and adapted to inclose said rotatable members, said fixed members having on contacting surfaces a multiplicity of similar grooves, opposite] y disposed to grooves on said ad acent surfaces,

their direction being such that the actuating fluid in flowing along them to points of lower pressure flows in direction of motion of rotating members, suitable inlet and exhaust ports with means for conducting the actuating fluid to and from the grooves of one set to those ofnext set in the series, substantially as set forth.

1. In a compound fluid-viscosity motor of the classdescribed the combination of a shaft, rigidlyse'cured thereon a plurality of, disklilre members, adapted to rotate, a plurality of relatively fixed or stationary members,

pressure in flo wing, along them to points of lower pressure flows in direction of motion of rotating members, said groove-s on-fixed members beginning and ending nearer the axis than the beginning and ending of similar oppositely disposed grooves on rotatable members, a suitable casing comprising end parts having suitable bearings and stufiingboxes, a cylindrical part forming the body inclosing said rotatable and fixed members, suitable inlet and exhaust ports, said inletport admitting fluid-under pressure to annular chamber 35 communicating with first set of grooves with suitable means for eonducting fluid fromthence to next set of grooves, thus in series to all the elements of the motor,-

" thencev suitably connected to exhaust-port l1,v

asand for the purpose specified. v

5, In a reversiblefluid viscosity motor of the turbine class, the combination of a plurality of rotatable members 1, 1, rigid] y secured to shaft 2,-running in bearings and stuiiing- 'bOXGS 3,3, suitably carried by endcasings 4,5,

an outer cylindrical casing 6, 6, withrsuitable cylindrical chamber for reversingvalve 33, inlet-port 27, exhaust-port 11, relatively fixed orstationary annular members 7 ,7 having be-- tween adjacent surfaces near outer edge annular fluid-chambers 39, 45, connected with revcrsing-valve-as at 18, 20, annular chambers 35, 36, 37, 38, forming fluid -passages to or from reversing-valve, said reversingvalve having on one side suitable cross-chambers 16, 18, 20, for conducting fluid from one element to thejnext element of the series, a shaft 13,

in suitable bearing and stufiing-box 12, with suitable means attached to said shaft for turnmg valve one half-revolution in reversing, suitable means on opposite side of valve for "reversing points of admission and exhaust for each of the elements of the motor. substan-- tially as set forth.

6. In a reversible compound fluid-viscosity motor of the turbine class the combination of a plurality of rotatable members 1, 1, rigidly secured ,to shaft 2, running in bearings and stuffing-boxes 3, 3, suitably fixed to end casings 4, 5, an outer cylindrical casing 6,6, with suitable cylindrical chamber for reversing valve 33,- bearings and stuffing boxes 12, means attached to end shaft 13 for turning valve one half-revol ution to reverse the engine,

inlet-port. 27, exhaust-port 11, relatively fixed or-stationary annular members 7 7, having between adjacent surfaces at outer edge annular fluid chambers' 39 connected with reversing-valve as at 18, 20, or 23,25,1Tig, 3;-annular chambers 35, 36, 37, 38,;conduct-i'ng fluid from reversing valve tocentral partof rotatable members, or vice versa',-.;-a multiplicity of grooves on lateral surfaces of rotatable -and cent surfaces, cutting the radius at anypoint at an acute angle, the di re eti'on of grooves on fixed members being such that fluid under pressure flowing along them to points of lower pres sureflows with respect to" axis in direction of motion of rotating members,-said grooves 9, on stationary members beginning and vending somewhat nearer the axis thanzgrooves 8 of rotatable members, as shown" at28, and 29, as v and forthe purpose specified; 1

7.- In areversible compoundfluid-viscosity motor of the turbine class, incombination, a shaft,.'rigidly secured thereonfwith suitable means for longitudinal adjustment, a plural- T ity of rotatable members, disk-like cylinders with a multiplicity of suitable grooves out or made on lateral surfaces ending a suitable dis tance from axis and at periphery, thesaid grooves cutting theradius at anypoint at an acute angle, having such direction that fluid 1 under pressurein flowing alongthemtopoints i of lower pressure flows in the reverse direction of'inotion of said rotating members, said fixed members, oppo sitely;disposed on adja- 1 members having a pluralitydof "suitable holes 32, out near center, admitting fluid freely to y i each side of rotating member or members, a 1 plurality of stationary annular members, hav

IOO

ing lateral surfaces. conforming in shape to and adapted to in'close in close working fit said rotatable members with a multiplicity of suitable grooves onlateral surfaces cutting the radius at any point at an acute angle having a direction the reverse of similar grooves on opposed surfaces of rotatable members, said grooves beginning and ending a suitable dis-' tance nearer the axis than like grooves on rotatable members, said fixed members having I annular fluid-chambers 39,45, near periphery, in communication with reversing-valve as at 18, 20, said fixed members having a suitable hole in central part for shaft at division of each unit or system of units, with metal or suitable packing to prevent escape of actuating fluid;

to chamber of units of lower pressure, other stationary members having a larger hole-approximately to the inner ends of grooves, for; the free passage of the actuating fluid to alltheunits in the same system, annular internal chambers 35,36, 37, 38, with suitable distancepieces 44, suitable casing 4, 5, 6, with suitable bearings and'stufling-boxes 3, reversing-valve 33, with suitableinlet-ports 27, exhaust-port l1,means attached to shaft 13 for turning valve onehalf-revolution in reversing, substantially as shown and specified.

8. In a reversible compound fluid-viscosity motor of the turbine class in combination with suitable shaft, having collars 16, 47, limiting axial thrust, rotatable and. stationary members, suitable means 42, and f3, adjusting longitudinally said rotatable and fixed members, a reversing-valve 33, adapted to be revolubly inclosed with fluid-tight fit in cylindrical chamber in casing, and end shaft 13 with suitable bearing and stufling-box 12, suitable means attached to shaft 13 to revolve said valve one half-revolution in reversing, said reversing-valve having on one side chamber 14, connecting inlet port and annular chamber 35, cross-chamber 16, connecting annular chamber 36 of first system with chamber 37 of second system, cross-chamber 18 connecting fluid passages or chambers of second system of units to annular chamber 38, cross-chamber 20 connecting annular chambers of third system of units to exhaust-port 11, suitable means on opposite side of valve for conducting'fluid when reversed from inlet-port to annular chamber 34:, from annular chamber 35 to annular chamber 39, from annular chambers 37 to annular chambers 45, from-annular chamber 38 to exhaust-port 11, substantially as set forth.

9. In a reversible compound fluid-viscosity motor of the turbine class in combination with shaft 2, rotatable members 1 secured thereto, with means for longitudinal adjustment, stationary members inclosing said rotatable members, with means for longitudinal adjustment, a suitable casing inclosing said stationary and rotatable members annular fluid-chambers 34, 39 4C5, between said stationary members near outer circumference and just without or beyond periphery of rotatable members, said rotatable and stationary members having a multiplicity of suitable grooves cut or made on adjacent surfaces, cutting radius at any point at an acute angle, oppositely disposed on adjacent surfaces of said members, with suitable direction on said members as to direction of flow of actuating fluid, annular fluid-chambers 35, 36, 37 38 open to shaft, suitable inlet and exhaust ports, a cylindrical chamber in casing for reversing-valve 33, revolubly fitted, fluid-tight at contact-points on surfaces, an end shaft 13, suitable means attached thereto for revolving reversing-valve one half-revolution, a bearing and stufiingbox 12 carried by end casing, a chamber 21, on first quadrant of valve connecting inletport 27 to annular chamber 35, on adjacent quadrant a chamber 22, suitable hole opening to 23, connecting annular chamber 35 to annular chamber 39, on first quadrant, suitable chambers 24:, 25, connected by suitable hole, connecting annular chamber 37 to annular chambers 45, suitable chamber 26 on second quadrant with suitable hole open at exhaust end, and opening into cross-chamber 20, also to exhaust at 11, substantially as set forth.

In testimony whereof I have signed my name to this specification, in the presence of two subscribing witnesses, this 7th day of September,

BEN J. CAMPBELL. Witnesses:

RUTLEDGE CARTER, CHAMPE T. BARKSDALE. 

